An emeritus professor of communication for a U.S. Ivy League university noted, We have lost an important social function in the press. It will again involve information channeling more than misinformation suppression; contradictory claims have always existed in print, but have been manageable and often healthy., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Fake news is not new. For every fact there is a counterfact and all these counterfacts and facts look identical online, which is confusing to most people.. Some respondents predicted that a larger digital divide will form. C) Turning around and looking at the person in the library who just turned their music on full blast. Lastly, the incentives are all wrong. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. Is there an immediate nexus between widespread ignorance and corrupted information sources? A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares The proliferation of sources will increase the number of people who dont know who or what they trust. O Both Sorting and Filtering will rearrange the data. It seems unlikely that government can play a meaningful role as this referee. kindly thumbs up for the solution. Guidelines to Minimize the Negative Effects of Internet Content Filters on Intellectual Freedom (2017) Featured Speakers: Gwyneth Jones Which of the following would provide evidence against Broadbent's theory of attention? Reasons for pessimism: Imploding trust in institutions; institutions that do not recognize the need to radically change to regain trust; and business models that favor volume over value., Jim Warren, an internet pioneer and open-government/open-records/open-meetings advocate, said, False and misleading information has always been part of all cultures (gossip, tabloids, etc.). On the one hand, its good that the big players are finally stepping up and taking responsibility. A) A black D. Solved 29) Packet-filtering firewalls ________. A. are - Chegg Issues of trustable information are certainly important, especially since the technological intelligentsia command a number of tools to combat untrustable info. D) When the majority of font words are scripted in a different font, Aadil will identify the incongruent fonts quickly. These changes will drive significant corporate and public sector improvements in security during the next decade., Larry Keeley, founder of innovation consultancy Doblin, predicted technology will be improved but people will remain the same, writing, Capabilities adapted from both bibliometric analytics and good auditing practices will make this a solvable problem. In short, its a successful strategy, made simpler by more powerful information technologies., Philip J. Nickel, lecturer at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, said, The decline of traditional news media and the persistence of closed social networks will not change in the next 10 years. Zbigniew ukasiak, Alex Sandy Pentland, member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the World Economic Forum, commented, We know how to dramatically improve the situation, based on studies of political and similar predictions. C) Triesman proposed that all information is passed through the physical filter, where ratings of importance are made, to the semantic filter to determine what is attended to. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. With our limbic systems continuously engaged, were more likely to pay attention to stories that make us want to fight, take flight or fill our social media accounts with links. Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). California poised to reject affirmative action measure despite summer The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online This is a wake-up call to the news industry, policy makers and journalists to refine the system of news production., Maja Vujovic, senior copywriter for the Comtrade Group, predicted, The information environment will be increasingly perceived as a public good, making its reliability a universal need. Intellectual Freedom Manual(2021) Theres no technical solution for designing a system that prevents people from asserting that Obama is a Muslim but allows them to assert that Jesus loves you., Amy Webb, author and founder of the Future Today Institute, wrote, In an era of social, democratized media, weve adopted a strange attitude. In terms of criminal law, I think the important thing is to have penalties/regulations be domain-specific. B) Inhibition of return prevents an individual from attending to the same location twice, an effective strategy when searching for moving objects. The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. Anonymous project leader for a science institute. See spam as an analog., Some predicted that digital distributed ledger technologies, known as blockchain, may provide some answers. Anonymous engineer, J. Nathan Matias, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University and previously a visiting scholar at MITs Center for Civic Media, wrote, Through ethnography and largescale social experiments, I have been encouraged to see volunteer communities with tens of millions of people work together to successfully manage the risks from inaccurate news., A researcher of online harassment working for a major internet information platform commented, If there are nonprofits keeping technology in line, such as an ACLU-esque initiative, to monitor misinformation and then partner with spaces like Facebook to deal with this kind of news spam, then yes, the information environment will improve. What is Digital Image Processing? There are always potential compromises when our communication networks are based on human-coded technology and hardware; this [is] less the case with analog-first, digital-second systems., A professor of media and communication based in Europe said, Right now, reliable and trusted verification systems are not yet available; they may become technically available in the future but the arms race between corporations and hackers is never ending. content filtering (information filtering): On the Internet, content filtering (also known as information filtering ) is the use of a program to screen and exclude from access or availability Web pages or e-mail that is deemed objectionable. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Trust in Media, In late 2016, Oxford Dictionaries selected post-truth as the word of the year, defining it as relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.. We adopt most likely scenarios for events of which we do not have detailed knowledge, and so on. The problem is that its *still* very hard for computer systems to analyze text, find assertions made in the text and crosscheck them. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. Julia Koller, Karen Mossberger, professor and director of the School of Public Affairs at Arizona State University, wrote, The spread of fake news is not merely a problem of bots, but part of a larger problem of whether or not people exercise critical thinking and information-literacy skills. Alejandro Pisanty, a professor at UNAM, the National University of Mexico, and longtime internet policy leader, observed, Overall, at least a part of society will value trusted information and find ways to keep a set of curated, quality information resources. The reader and the producer of content, both have responsibilities., Deirdre Williams, retired internet activist, replied, Human beings are losing their capability to question and to refuse. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions. It maintains the information in a dynamic state table and evaluates subsequent connection attempts. The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. For instance, Christian H. Huitema, former president of the Internet Architecture Board, commented, The quality of information will not improve in the coming years, because technology cant improve human nature all that much.. Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. We understand online and offline are different modalities of real life. FROM table_name WHERE expression; Jack. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. Those trying to stop the spread of false information are working to design technical and human systems that can weed it out and minimize the ways in which bots and other schemes spread lies and misinformation. O Sorting will rearrange the data, and Filtering will allow selective viewing of data. In addition, there will be a reaction to the prevalence of false information so that people are more willing to act to assure their information will be accurate., Howard Rheingold, pioneer researcher of virtual communities, longtime professor and author of Net Smart: How to Thrive Online, noted, As I wrote in Net Smart in 2012, some combination of education, algorithmic and social systems can help improve the signal-to-noise ratio online with the caveat that misinformation/disinformation versus verified information is likely to be a continuing arms race. Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. Irene Wu, Frank Kaufmann, founder and director of several international projects for peace activism and media and information, commented, The quality of news will improve, because things always improve. And Barry Wellman, virtual communities expert and co-director of the NetLab Network, said, Software and people are becoming more sophisticated., One hopeful respondent said a change in economic incentives can bring about desired change. Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Amy just met with her boss, James, who praised her for her hard work and record-, setting sales for the past year. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. B) Triesman proposed that information from the attended ear was filtered for semantic importance and the unattended ear was . Emmanuel Edet, head of legal services at the National Information Technology Development Agency of Nigeria, observed, The information environment will improve but at a cost to privacy., Bill Woodcock, executive director of the Packet Clearing House, wrote, Theres a fundamental conflict between anonymity and control of public speech, and the countries that dont value anonymous speech domestically are still free to weaponize it internationally, whereas the countries that do value anonymous speech must make it available to all, [or] else fail to uphold their own principle., James LaRue, director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association, commented, Information systems incentivize getting attention. By Deborah Caldwell Stone published in American Libraries, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries (2010) Still, the more hopeful among these experts argue that progress is inevitable as people and organizations find coping mechanisms. They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. The environment will only improve if both sides of the communication channel are responsible. Recorded: September 15, 2016, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Truth is no longer dictated by authorities, but is networked by peers. I will help you in this solution. This would require a system of delayed advertising revenue distribution where ad funds are held until the article is proven as accurate or not. Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) Legal options include reversing the notion that providers of content services over the internet are mere conduits without responsibility for the content. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable, People tend to filter downward communication more than upward, Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to. The difference between the top choice and the bottom one is troubling. Weve known since the ancient Greeks and Romans that people are easily persuaded by rhetoric; that hasnt changed much in two thousand years. There has been a tremendous insertion of complex systems into many aspects of how we live in the decades since World War II, fueled by a tremendous growth in knowledge in general. These respondents said the information environment cant be improved without more, well-staffed, financially stable, independent news organizations. I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it. So ignorance breeds frustration, which breeds acting out, which breeds antisocial and pathological behavior, such as the disinformation, which was the subject of the survey, and many other undesirable second order effects. exam 2 possibly Flashcards | Chegg.com Now that the issue is visible as a clear and urgent danger, activists and people who see a business opportunity will begin to focus on it. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? A share of these respondents urged action in two areas: A bolstering of the public-serving press and an expansive, comprehensive, ongoing information literacy education effort for people of all ages. The public isnt motivated to seek out verified, vetted information. Experimental scientists have many careful protocols in place to assure the veracity of their work, and the questions they ask have well-defined answers and still there can be controversy about what is true, what work was free from outside influence. Five or 10 years from now, I expect there to continue to be many reliable sources of news, and a multiplicity of sources. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx Consequently, consistent with previous resolutions, the American Library Association cannot recommend filtering. Yes, of course. Example: The following filter: " is not any of " with two values selected: "Guides" and "Plugins" would match a record with all other values. The following section presents an overview of the themes found among the written responses, including a small selection of representative quotes supporting each point. Mike Roberts, pioneer leader at ICANN and Internet Hall of Fame member, replied, There are complex forces working both to improve the quality of information on the net, and to corrupt it. A) Reaction time Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them. They also believe better information literacy among citizens will enable people to judge the veracity of material content and eventually raise the tone of discourse. By Bob Bocher with the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Library Internet Filtering Update (2012) 5) Further divides between communities, so that as we are more connected we are farther apart. Appendix A Answers to Assessment Questions | Part Two - The If there is a great amount of pressure from the industry to solve this problem (which there is), then methodologies will be developed and progress will be made to help mitigate this issue in the long run. D) Pitch. They offered a range of suggestions, from regulatory reforms applied to the platforms that aid misinformation merchants to legal penalties applied to wrongdoers. There are a lot of rich and unethical people, politicians, non-state actors and state actors who are strongly incentivized to get fake information out there to serve their selfish purposes., A research professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University observed, Defensive innovation is always behind offensive innovation. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. When you query table information, you can filter records with the WHERE clause to extract only those records that fulfill a specific expression. There was common agreement among many respondents whether they said they expect to see improvements in the information environment in the next decade or not that the problem of misinformation requires significant attention. The 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom and the tumultuous U.S. presidential election highlighted how the digital age has affected news and cultural narratives. a.The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. Filters and Filtering | Advocacy, Legislation & Issues Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? He wrote: Artificial intelligence that will supplant human judgment is being pursued aggressively by entities in the Silicon Valley and elsewhere. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. There is and will be space for misinformation. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Explain your answer. Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) Without a framework for regulation, I cant imagine penalties.. A. Filters sort information in alphabetical order. A longtime technology editor and columnist based in Europe, commented, The blockchain approach used for Bitcoin, etc., could be used to distribute content. People who were more susceptible to . C) Adam is their friend who got lost earlier in the night and they were looking for him. This has been referred to as the weaponization of public narratives. One cannot apply a filter for more than one column in a cell range. Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. A lot of fake news is created by a few people, and removing their incentive could stop much of the news postings., Andrea Matwyshyn, a professor of law at Northeastern University who researches innovation and law, particularly information security, observed, Software liability law will finally begin to evolve. There is and will be a market (public and private providers) for trusted information. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. Digital Image Processing MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. Miscommunication is annoying, but not dangerous. B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. Philip B. Stark How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! D. Only one filter can be applied at a time. On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997), issued a sweeping reaffirmation of core First Amendment principles and held that communications over the Internet deserve the highest level of Constitutional protection. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. Which of the following statements is true of attention and selection? Starr Roxanne Hiltz, An executive consultant based in North America wrote, It comes down to motivation: There is no market for the truth. And people can gain more creating fake information (both monetary and in notoriety) than they can keeping it from occurring., Serge Marelli, an IT professional who works on and with the Net, wrote, As a group, humans are stupid. It is group mind or a group phenomenon or, as George Carlin said, Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups. Then, you have Kierkegaard, who said, People demand freedom of speech as a compensation for the freedom of thought which they seldom use. And finally, Euripides said, Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish., Starr Roxanne Hiltz, distinguished professor of information systems and co-author of the visionary 1970s book The Network Nation, replied, People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and Twitter appear to be prime battlegrounds. Martin is the financial director of a small business. These resources are provided for those interested in learning more about the operation and effectiveness of filtering software. Who holds them accountable for the decisions they make on behalf of all of us? There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. C) Stroop Task The rise of new and highly varied voices with differing agendas and motivations might generally be considered to be a good thing. 1. Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. B) Spatial Cueing paradigm Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. However, James has chosen to not mention her, inattention to detail and her habit of coming into the office late. By Theresa Chmara published in American Libraries, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries (2016) Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. And those who are most hopeful believed that technological fixes can be implemented to bring out the better angels guiding human nature. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Our brains are not wired to contend with the pace of technological change: These respondents said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet and emerging online applications will magnify these human tendencies and that technology-based solutions will not be able to overcome them. Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation. High conflict. Online echo chambers or silos divide people into separate camps, at times even inciting them to express anger and hatred at a volume not seen in previous communications forms. There is too much incentive to spread disinformation, fake news, malware and the rest. These experts noted that the public has turned to social media especially Facebook to get its news. They said the publics craving for quick reads and tabloid-style sensationalism is what makes social media the field of choice for manipulative narratives, which are often packaged to appear like news headlines. Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? When there is value in misinformation, it will rule., Big political players have just learned how to play this game. Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting.
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which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?