the 1989 loma prieta earthquake quizlet

The initial media reports failed to take into account the game's effect on traffic and initially estimated the death toll at 300, a number that was corrected to 63 in the days after the earthquake. Two plates moving past each other in opposite directions. [37] In Moss Landing, the liquefaction destroyed the causeway that carried the Moss Beach access road across a tidewater basin, damaged the approach and abutment of the bridge linking Moss Landing spit to the mainland and cracked the paved road on Paul's Island. [33][34], In Santa Cruz, close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. endstream endobj 51 0 obj <>/Font 54 0 R/ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]/XObject 55 0 R>>/Type /Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [/CalGray <>] endobj 53 0 obj [/ICCBased 60 0 R] endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <> endobj 56 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj 58 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> stream What was the magnitude of the Loma Prieta earthquake? Santa Cruz Public Libraries. The game was initially postponed due to safety concerns for fans in the ballpark and the loss of power. [36] Liquefaction also caused damage in the Watsonville area. Voices of Loma Prieta: Stories from the '89 quake. Some of the fill was rubble dumped into San Francisco Bay after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but most was sand and debris laid down in preparation for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, a celebration of San Francisco's ability to rebound after its catastrophe in 1906. WebOn October 17,1989, the Loma Prieta Earthquake struck northern Cali- fornia, causing the collapse of a two-level, 1.25-mile-long section of the Cypress Viaduct on Interstate Route 880 in Oakland; 42 people were killed. Liquefaction occurring beneath buildings and other structures can cause major damage during earthquakes. Game 3 of the series was scheduled to begin at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17 at 5:35 PDT, and American TV network ABC began its pre-game show at 5:00 PDT. 0000001580 00000 n Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), An open repository of earthquake-triggered ground-failure inventories, Understanding earthquake hazards in urban areas - Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project, Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits, Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana, Liquefaction and other ground failures in Imperial County, California, from the April 4, 2010, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Tacoma Fault Zone A plausible scenario for the southern Puget Sound region, Washington, The MW 7.0 Haiti Earthquake of January 12, 2010: USGS/EERI Advance Reconnaissance Team Report, Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California, Use of liquefaction-induced features for paleoseismic analysis - An overview of how seismic liquefaction features can be distinguished from other features and how their regional distribution and properties of source sediment can be used to infer the locat, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Strong ground motion and ground failure. The units consist of alluvial fan, beach ridge, river delta topset and foreset beds, eolian dune, point bar, flood basin, natural river and alluvial fan levees, abandoned river channel, deep-water lake, lagoonal, We calculated liquefaction potential index for a grid of sites in the Evansville, Indiana area for two scenario earthquakes-a magnitude 7.7 in the New Madrid seismic zone and a M6.8 in the Wabash Valley seismic zone. The World Series was delayed while the Bay Area started the recovery process. With a M6.5 event on the San Juan Bautista segment, or an M7 event on the San Francisco Peninsula segment, United States Geological Survey (USGS) seismologist Allan Lindh's 1983 forecasted rupture length of 25 miles (40km) (starting near Pajaro Gap, and continuing to the northwest) for the San Juan Bautista segment nearly matched the actual rupture length of the 1989 event. %PDF-1.5 % We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. [80] After 78 hours, 96 percent of Muni services were back in operation, including the cable cars. broadband stations with 24-bit digitizers. Rather, the resulting transpression force pushes up the local terrain and helps explain why these are the highest peaks in the Santa Cruz Mountains.[6]. When electrical power to the stadium was lost, someone drove a police car onto the field, where an officer used the car's public address system to advise that the game had been postponed. Caltrans has since received widespread backlash for not thoroughly studying the structure. [64], Damage to the Salinas River rail bridge and subsequent repairs led to reduced traffic on the Monterey Branch Line, which contributed to the discontinuance of freight rail services in western Monterey County. While this magnitude-time history does not reach the true final magnitude of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, it represents a conservative estimate of how well the ShakeAlert system (including supporting seismic networks) would perform today for a comparably sized event at the same location. Loma Prieta (the peak just right of center) and other nearby peaks are festooned with television broadcast towers and other communication towers, serving the Santa Clara Valley. [75] Instead of rebuilding Interstate 880 over the same ground, Caltrans rerouted the freeway farther west around the outskirts of West Oakland to provide better access to the Port of Oakland and the San FranciscoOakland Bay Bridge, and to meet community desires to keep the freeway from cutting through residential areas (at the time the original viaduct was constructed, West Oakland was predominantly occupied by African- and Hispanic-Americans). Supported by. Not only did the quake force seismic retrofitting of all Bay Area bridges,[82] it caused enough damage that some parts of the region's freeway system had to be demolished. [47], Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. a. [74], Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 so that it would comply with safety and reinforcement standards. A field reconnaissance in Haiti by a five-member team with expertise in seismology and earthquake engineering has revealed a number of factors that led to catastrophic losses of life and property during the January 12, 2010, Mw 7.0 earthquake. Liquefaction probability curves that predict the probability of surface manifestations of earthquake-induced liquefaction are developed for 14 different types of surficial geologic units. However. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on California's Central Coast on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time. ensure that the full range of ground motions are recorded on scale. (AP Photo/Paul Sakuma, file) [60] The body of a young woman coffee worker was found under a collapsed wall late the next day. [62] In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing, a number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. WebAs devastating as Loma Prieta was, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake on the Hayward Fault in the East Bay could do $65 billion in damage. Magnitude of 6.9 comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment An updated forecast was presented in 1988, at which time Lindh took the opportunity to assign a new name to the San Juan Bautista segment the Loma Prieta segment. The earthquake took the lives of many, leaving thousands injured. It is a rough estimate that thousands of people may have otherwise been on the Cypress Structure during the 5:00pm rush-hour, as the structure was said to have carried 195,000 vehicles a day.[101]. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report Earthquake Engineering Research Institute", "After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt and the scars are hidden deep below the surface San Francisco Chronicle", "Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections", "25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed LiveScience", "You're Looking at One for the Ages Here", Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning, 1978 American League East tie-breaker game, 1980 National League West tie-breaker game, 1995 American League West tie-breaker game, Kirby Puckett's 1991 World Series home run, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (Tony Bennett song), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake&oldid=1152555700, 1989 natural disasters in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles needing additional references from October 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 April 2023, at 23:21. This page was last changed on 29 June 2022, at 18:10. 00:04 UTC in the Santa Cruz Mountains of When was the last time this released energy? [99] There had also been a seismic-strengthening project previously completed on the upper deck concrete windscreen that may have prevented large numbers of injuries in the event of serious damage or even a catastrophic collapse. [80] Amtrak intercity rail service into Oakland from the California Zephyr continued, but the Coast Starlight was temporarily suspended north of Salinas because of damage to the Southern Pacific's Coast Line. The advisories following the two Lake Elsman events were issued in part because of the statements made by WGCEP and because they were two of the three largest shocks to occur along the 1906 earthquake's rupture zone since 1914. We expect [73] Dubbed "Lucky Buck" by the local radio, Helm lived for another 29 days on life support, but then died of respiratory failure at the age of 58. [37] For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. [96], With anchorman Ted Koppel in position in Washington, D.C., ABC News began continuous coverage of the quake at 5:32 pm PDT, with Al Michaels, in the process, becoming a de facto on-site reporter for ABC. If traffic had been normal for a Tuesday rush hour, injuries and deaths would certainly have been higher. It happened on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. local c. Was produced by a normal fault [79], San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) lost all power to electric transit systems when the quake hit, but otherwise suffered little damage and no injuries to operators or riders. [48] Among the four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment. Santa Cruz capitalized on fate, working together to rebuild downtown after quake", "The California Quake; NBC News Tells of Errors and Obstacles to Early Coverage of Quake", "Bay Area Television News Prepares For End Of An Era", "KTVU comes back on-air after 1989 earthquake". Each station consists of [38] In the Old Town historical district of the city of Salinas, unreinforced masonry buildings were partially destroyed. Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series, the annual championship series of Major League Baseball, taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake", with the championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". Seismological Laboratory operated a small network of 16-bit digital seismometers. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10mi (16km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. (past, active, boast). Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks. 0000001484 00000 n WebForewordThe 1906 Great San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) each motivated residents of the San Francisco Bay grassroots elite basketball ; why does ted lasso have a southern accent . ; Highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California, For the 1989 earthquake that affected the San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay regions, see, List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Exhumation history of the Sierra Azul Block of the Santa Cruz Mountains Revealed Using Low Temperature Thermochronology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loma_Prieta&oldid=1141161086, Mountains of Santa Clara County, California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox mountain with language parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 17:40. Loma Prieta and other nearby mountain peaks are pushed upward by local collision forces associated with a left bend in the San Andreas fault. There were also a total of 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries mainly occurring as transportation routes were destroyed, including the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and a populated freeway. Oakland City Hall was evacuated after the earthquake until a US$80 million (equivalent to US$175 million today) seismic retrofit and hazard abatement work was completed in 1995. d.Was produced by a reverse fault Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air or not, and I'm not sure I care at this particular moment but we are. 0000004685 00000 n It also ended up with liquefaction. From this site he discovered three new comets that bear his name, including Periodic Comet Machholz 1 96P/Machholz on May 12, 1986. These features include dikes, craters, vented sand, sills, and laterally spreading landslides. )L^6 g,qm"[Z[Z~Q7%" Since the bay was only two blocks from the burning buildings,[53] water from the bay was pumped by the fireboat Phoenix, to engines on the shore, and from there sprayed on the fire. Police began unsnarling the traffic jam, telling drivers to turn their cars around and drive back the way they had come. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Can you feel an earthquake if you're in a cave? WebFootage of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake which took 63 lives, injuried around 2,700+ and caused 6 Billion dollars in damage. How does an earthquake affect groundwater levels and water quality in wells? Community preparedness There is not one magnitude above which damage will occur. (All four network-affiliated TV stations (KRON, KGO, KTVU and CBS affiliate KPIX) would recover enough to broadcast continuous breaking news coverage of the aftermath of the quake for the next several hours, some of it picked up and broadcast nationally over their respective networks, as well as on CNN, in a manner anticipating later major catastrophes such as the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake and the 9/11 terror attacks). CGS's Related Maps and Publications. At sites with rocky terrain, the duration was shorter and the shaking was much less intense, and at locations with unconsolidated soil (like the Marina District in San Francisco or the Cypress Street Viaduct in Oakland) the intensity of the shaking was more severe and lasted longer. Nearby residents and factory workers came to the rescue, climbing onto the wreckage with ladders and forklifts[31] and pulling trapped people out of their cars from under a four-foot gap in some sections. No state legislature to ensure that every building is resistant. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS WebOn October 17, 1989 at 5:04 PM Pacific Time, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Bay Area of Northern California. [58] Santa Cruz beach lifeguards assisted in moving the victims. Explains that earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.7 or higher cause mass destruction and cause injuries and even deaths. 49 0 obj <> endobj xref 49 16 0000000016 00000 n Because the rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only. Complete these sentences with the tense and voice of the verb indicated in parentheses. Photo by Karen T. Borchers pic.twitter.com/nKy8GTPAxH. Photograph Collection: "Bay Area Quake Landmarks Totter Preservationists Fear Quake-Damaged Historic Buildings Will Be Torn Down", "The California Quake: The Bay Bridge; Damage to Link Across Bay Is More Serious Than Thought", "On the Cypress Freeway, Strangers Joined Together for a Snap in Time", "People Moving Gingerly As They Pick Up Pieces", "Man Who Lived 90 Hours In Quake Rubble Is Dead", "Mandela Parkway: Building Pride in West Oakland", "Search For Bodies to Take Days State Puts Toll at 273, Then Says It Is Uncertain", "Municipal Railway Earthquake Notebook Tuesday, October 17, 1989, 5:04 PM", "Earthquake leaves behind urban travel nightmares", San Francisco-Oakland bay bridge opens to traffic after years of delays | World news, "Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake October 17, 1989. [61], During the first few days following the quake, electric power to most Santa Cruz County subscribers was out, and some areas had no water. The development of robust and widely applicable models requires access to numerous inventories of ground failures triggered by earthquakes that span a broad range of terrains, shaking characte, The region surrounding Evansville, Indiana, has experienced minor damage from earthquakes several times in the past 200 years. From 1955 to 2005, the mountain was the longtime site for the transmitter tower of San Jose television station KNTV. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 18, 1989 at At more than 44 miles (70km) distant, the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0.26 g, and close to the epicenter they peaked at more than 0.6 g. In a general way, the location of aftershocks of the event delineated the extent of the faulting, which (according to seismologist Bruce Bolt) extended about 24 miles (40km) in length. [30], The earthquake caused severe damage in some very specific locations in the Bay Area, most notably on unstable soil in San Francisco and Oakland. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. The third earthquake, a 2.7, occurred at 1:59 p.m., according to the USGS. 0000004794 00000 n Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $1.1 billion ($2.4 billion today) earthquake relief package for California. How were the English colonies affected by events occurring in Europe? The Mayor of San Francisco, Art Agnos, later came on the air and provided an update on the earthquake.[46]. WebQuestion: 1)The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake a)Produced little damage because most of the areas affected were built on bedrock b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill c. Was produced by a normal fault d.Was produced by a reverse fault 2 )A _____ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause significant property damage. How many years did it take to rebuild and retrofit the Cyprus freeway? Between 1910 and 1989 there were 20 widely varying forecasts that were announced, with some that were highly specific, covering multiple aspects of an event, while others were less complete and vague. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Significant earthquakes that have been accompanied by surface fault rupture and/or soil liquefaction occurred in this region in 1892 (M7.1), 1915 (M6.3; M7.1), 1930 (M5.7), 1940 (M6.9, The U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating scientists have recently assessed the effects of a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Tacoma Fault Zone in Pierce County, Washington. [76], Immediately after the earthquake, Bay Area airports were closed so officials could conduct a visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. Parts of the fault line moved as much as 6.4 metres (21 feet) during the 1906 earthquake. The great majority of Californias population lives in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault. 0000000953 00000 n The old bridge was demolished in 2018 ; see Figure 3 (a) for the new bridge and the old one under demolition. The catastrophic natural disaster also struck the Oakland-Giants 1989 World Series Game 3, causing the series to be postponed due to safety concerns and loss of electricity. 2 )A __________ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause Because of its proximity to the San Francisco Bay Area, the earthquake [63], The 1989 World Series featured the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants in the first cross-town World Series since 1956. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. [99], It is likely that the World Series game saved many lives, as Bay Area residents who would have normally been on the freeways were at home ready to watch the game when the earthquake hit. some of the seismometers displayed non-linear effects from the strong How old is Golden Gate Bridge? It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. ", "Forecasts of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake", "Main-shock and very early aftershock activity", "1 Dead as 5.1 Quake Jolts Bay Area: Man, 19, Leaps to Death in Panic; Damage Minor", "Near-source modeling of the Loma Prieta earthquake: Evidence for heterogeneous slip and implications for earthquake hazard", "Broadband study of the source characteristics of the earthquake", "Profile of mortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner and medical examiner reports", "Out of the Rubble. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Earthquake in Loma Prieta, California 1989 William, Harkins, Susa at the best online prices at eBay! 1)The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Oral History: 0000001899 00000 n [28] Precursor increases of noise apparently started a few days before the earthquake, with noise in the range 0.010.5Hz rising to exceptionally high levels about three hours before the earthquake. $O./ 'z8WG x 0YA@$/7z HeOOT _lN:K"N3"$F/JPrb[}Qd[Sl1x{#bG\NoX3I[ql2 $8xtr p/8pCfq.Knjm{r28?. Why do earthquakes in other countries seem to cause more damage and casualties than earthquakes in the U.S.? The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Copyright 2023 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. significant property damage. [35] Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in the Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. [50], To assist with transportation during Bay Bridge repairs, Bay Area Rapid Transit ran 24-hour service in the Transbay Tube between the date of the earthquake and December 3 that same year. The Loma Prieta aftershocks, San Andreas Fault, creeping section of the San An dreas, Geysers area. It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. xwTTwz0z.0. From the Archives: ABC7's Peabody Award winning coverage of 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake; Loma Prieta is the tallest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains and it is common to see snow on the mountain during the winter. [69], Built-in the late 1950s and opened to traffic in 1957 (as SR 17), the Cypress Street Viaduct, a stretch of Interstate 880, was a double-deck freeway section made of nonductile reinforced concrete[70] that was constructed above and astride Cypress Street in Oakland. When the quake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. While the teams' stadiums had suffered only minor damage, it took several days for power and transmission links at Candlestick Park to be repaired. The majority of landslides occurred to the southwest of the epicenter, especially along road cuts in the Santa Cruz Mountains and in the Summit Road area, but also along the bluffs of the Pacific Coast, and as far north as the Marin Peninsula. The third earthquake, a 2.7, occurred at 1:59 p.m., according to the USGS. [75] In the meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980, causing increased congestion. Provide food and shelter for other After ten days (the longest delay in World Series history), Game 3 was held in San Francisco on October 27 and Game 4 the following afternoon as the A's swept the Giants, four games to none. It caused billions of dollars worth of property damage. [18] In addition, there were 3,757 injuries as a result of the earthquake, 400 of which were serious. The last 'Big One' to hit the Bay Area occurred in 1989, with the Loma Prieta #earthquake. Damage was heavy in Santa Cruz County and less so to the south in Monterey County, but effects extended well to the north into the San Francisco Bay Area, both on the San Francisco Peninsula and across the bay in Oakland. The earthquake is featured in films and television shows: Some earthquake and disaster-themed television documentaries that feature the earthquake include: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. San Jose International Airport,[77] Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning.

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