positive and negative effects of social globalization

All variables have a unit root, and their first differences are stationary (\({I}_{1})\). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, Arif Eser Guzel,Unal Arslan&Ali Acaravci, You can also search for this author in Although homogenizing influences do indeed exist, they are far from creating anything akin to a single world culture. Gelleny and McCoy (2001) also claimed that integration among countries leads to political stability. Among the macrotrends listed, businesses predict the strongest net job-creation effect to be driven by investments that facilitate the green transition of businesses, the broader application of ESG standards and supply chains becoming more localized, albeit with job growth offset by . The results are shown in Table 4. Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202019%20refinement_Eng.pdf (Access Date: 25.12.2019). They have very similar effects: they raise output in countries, raise productivity, create more jobs, raise wages, and lower prices of products in the world economy. Technology, goods, investments, information, and services along with the labor market are the most popular components of such activity. Cutler, D., Deaton, A., & Lleras-Muney, A. This leads to the reallocation of resources to solve the primary problems of the society. 5. By minimizing the BIC, we obtain \(\widehat{k}\). The test statistic obtained from Swamys model is improved by Pesaran et al. This means that unskilled workers may be affected by declining wages, which are under constant pressure from globalization.Into the FutureRegardless of the downsides, globalization is here to stay. Economic Growth It's widely believed that increased globalization leads to greater economic growth for all parties. - 43.231.112.109. In 2013, a textile factory building collapsed, killing more than 1,100 workers. Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. According to the results, the globalization index and its subcomponents such as economic, social, and political globalization are important instruments to achieve a healthier society. Social globalization enables people in very remote areas of the world to communicate with each other, while political globalization forces governments to be transparent about infectious diseases. In general, critics blame the pressures of globalization for encouraging an environment that exploits workers in countries that do not offer sufficient protections.Studies also suggest that globalization may contribute to income disparity and inequality between the more educated and less educated members of a society. Such results may also lead to incorrect inferences (Chudik and Pesaran, 2013). New York: Knopf. In addition, ignoring the cross-sectional dependence results in inconsistent estimations. The dynamics of financial development, globalisation, economic growth and life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Democracy also refers to accountability levels of governments. Econometric analysis of panel data. Therefore, the positive impact of globalization on health first emerged with its positive effects on economic growth (Labont et al. The previous literature provides a lack of evidence in the context of globalization, democracy, and life expectancy relationship. A reinvestigation of EKC model by ecological footprint measurement for high, middle and low income countries. Furthermore, GDP per capita and the proportion of white-collar workers reduce premature death for both men and women, while alcohol consumption increases it. Is globalization good for your health? In addition, higher levels of democracy lead to higher levels of life expectancy. It also offers broader opportunities for entrepreneurs and paves the way for innovation (Grossman and Helpman 2015: 101). Welander et al. World Bank Income Groups MDGs Index Values in 2015. The journal of Politics, 74(2), 541557. According to the OLS estimation results, improving democratic institutions increases life expectancy and reduces child and adult mortality rates. CAS Safaei, J. The case study of Port Elizabeth is used to chart some of these changes. 4. Development as freedom. Our dataset is covering the period 19702017. In the selection of panel data estimation methods, the results of those preliminary analysis are taken into account. All variables transformed to the logarithmic form except democracy due to negative values. According to the results, the null of homogeneity is accepted at %1 in all models. 2. However, in 19 of 99 countries, globalization increases public health performance. In addition, democracy is an important tool in achieving the goal of a healthy society, as it fosters accountability, transparency, and partnership between governments and the societies they rule. Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications, electronic commerce, popular culture, and international travel, globalization has been seen as a trend toward homogeneity that will eventually make human experience everywhere essentially the same. Politics and population health: Testing the impact of electoral democracy. Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media in Globalization The massive number of ideas that people share through such platforms as Twitter and Facebook has noticeably influenced a change in lifestyles, preferences, political ideologies and academic achievements, both for the positive and negative. The stata journal, 6(4), 482496. While cooperation between different countries requires globalization in the economic, social, and political fields, democracy is the way to ensure cooperation between governments and societies. The relative instability of many African nations is cited by experts as one of the reasons why Africa has not benefited from globalization as much as countries in Asia and Latin America.Benefits of GlobalizationGlobalization provides businesses with a competitive advantage by allowing them to source raw materials where they are inexpensive. Sen (1999) claimed that the instrumental role of democracy in solving problems is enabling people to express and support their claims. These days we experience the coronavirus epidemic and we see once again the importance of globalization. According to the United Nations (2019), the main indicators of global partnerships are trade, foreign direct investments, remittances, financial integration technology transfers, data monitoring and accountability, internet usage, and political integration among countries. (2019b). These results show that the methods to be used in the analysis of the stationarity of the variables and the determination of the long-run relationship should consider the cross-sectional dependence. Guzel, A.E., Arslan, U. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. It is an important instrument in the suppression of the inequality created by economic globalization. In the selection of stationarity tests and long-run estimators, the existence of cross-sectional dependence will be decisive. Ali A, & Audi M (2016). The Pros of Globalization A number of positive aspects of globalization include: Building up the economic and social structures of struggling countries and economies through free trade Creation of world power and less and less compartmentalized power sectors Learning about and sharing of new and interesting cultures with one another Those who are in favor also claim that trade across borders will help limit military . Propensity to cooperate is measured in experiments involving local and global others. Econometrica, 74(4), 9671012. Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications, electronic commerce, popular culture, and international travel, globalization has been seen as a trend toward homogeneity that . Environment, Development and Sustainability, $${lex}_{it}={\beta }_{1i}+{\beta }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\beta }_{5}{dem}_{it}+{\beta }_{6}{gdp}_{it}+{\varepsilon }_{it}$$, $${\text{CD}}_{{{\text{LM}}}} = \left( {\frac{1}{{N\left( {N - 1} \right)}}} \right)^{{\frac{1}{2}}} \sum\limits_{{i = 1}}^{{N - 1}} {\sum\limits_{{j = i + 1}}^{N} {(T\hat{\rho }_{{ij}} ^{2} - 1)} }$$, $${LM}_{adj}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{N(N-1)}}\sum_{i=1}^{N-1}\sum_{j=i+1}^{N}\frac{\left(T-k\right){\widehat{\rho }}_{ij}^{2}-{\mu }_{Tij}}{{V}_{Tij}}$$, $$\widehat{S}=\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left({\stackrel{\sim }{\beta }}_{i}-{\overbrace{\beta}}_{WFE}\right)\frac{{x}_{i}^{^{\prime}}{M}_{T}{x}_{i}}{\stackrel{\sim }{{\sigma }_{i}^{2}}}\left({\stackrel{\sim }{\beta }}_{i}-{\overbrace{\beta }}_{WFE}\right)$$, $$\stackrel{\sim }{\Delta }=\sqrt{N}\left(\frac{{N}^{-1}\stackrel{\sim }{S}-k}{\sqrt{2k}}\right)$$, $${\stackrel{\sim }{\Delta }}_{adj}=\sqrt{N}\left(\frac{{N}^{-1}\stackrel{\sim }{S}-E({\stackrel{\sim }{Z}}_{it})}{\sqrt{Var({\stackrel{\sim }{Z}}_{it})}}\right)$$, \(Var\left({\stackrel{\sim }{Z}}_{it}\right)=2k(T-k-1)/T+1\), $${\Delta y}_{it}={\alpha }_{i}+{\rho }_{i}^{*}{y}_{i,t-1}+{d}_{0}{\stackrel{-}{y}}_{t-1}+{d}_{1}\Delta {\stackrel{-}{y}}_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$$, $${\Delta y}_{it}={\alpha }_{i}+{\rho }_{i}^{*}{y}_{i,t-1}+{d}_{0}{\stackrel{-}{y}}_{t-1}+\sum_{j=0}^{p}{d}_{j+1}\Delta {\stackrel{-}{y}}_{t-j}+\sum_{k=1}^{p}{c}_{k}\Delta {y}_{i,t-k}+{\epsilon }_{it}$$, $$CIPS=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}{CADF}_{i}$$, $${y}_{it}={\alpha }_{i}+{x}_{it}^{^{\prime}}{\beta }_{i}+{z}_{it}$$, $${z}_{it}={u}_{it}+{v}_{it} ,{v}_{it}= \sum_{j=1}^{t}{n}_{ij}$$, $${LM}_{N}^{+}=\frac{1}{N{T}^{2}}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\sum_{t=1}^{T}{\widehat{w}}_{i}^{-2}{S}_{it}^{2}$$, $${\widehat{\beta }}_{CUP}=\left[\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{T}{\widehat{y}}_{i,t}^{+}\left({\widehat{\beta }}_{CUP}\right){\left({x}_{i,t}-{\stackrel{\sim }{x}}_{i}\right)}^{^{\prime}}-T\left({\widehat{\lambda }}_{i}^{^{\prime}}\left({\widehat{\beta }}_{CUP}\right){\widehat{\Delta }}_{F\epsilon i}^{+}\left({\widehat{\beta }}_{CUP}\right)+{\widehat{\Delta }}_{\mu \epsilon i}^{+}\left({\widehat{\beta }}_{CUP}\right)\right)\right)\right]{\left[\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{i=1}^{T}\left({x}_{i,t}-{\stackrel{\sim }{x}}_{i}\right){\left({x}_{i,t}-{\stackrel{\sim }{x}}_{i}\right)}^{^{\prime}}\right]}^{-1}$$, \(\hat{y}_{{i,t}}^{ + } = y_{{i,t}} - \left( {\lambda _{i} ^{\prime } \hat{\Omega }_{{F \in i}} + \hat{\Omega }_{{\mu \in i}} } \right)\hat{\Omega }_{{ \in i}}^{{ - 1}} {{\Delta }}x_{{i,t}}\), $$\widehat{k}=\mathrm{min}\left(IC\left(k\right)\right), 1

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