how to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth

For your convenience, you can use a UTM Universal Transverse Mercator AKA USGS 7.5 minute map. ' vuxcwxXONIq$eC CRFRERH>QF4J#[~CO]U26#iB(V]vLa`'xLa1?Ro~& Proceed as follows: a. Orient the map using a compass or by terrain association. (d) Read the value of the angle from the scale; this is the grid azimuth from point A to point B (Figure 6-4). All the norths are parallel in the plane systems; this is, of course, unrealistic. (That starting point would have to This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the nearest 10 mils. x]Yo#7~`C?JAXHYd6@Aefl_]~{uOv:e#Y7evu 1800 0 obj <>stream This means how to measure a direction - or azimuth - on your map and The grad is a metric unit of measure found on some foreign maps. An azimuth is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. (4) Convert the magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth. The azimuth is the most common military method to express direction. Another unit of measure, the mil (abbreviated ), is used mainly in artillery, tank, and mortar gunnery. range of zero to 360 degrees. Eight Digit: _____m 7) Convert a grid azimuth of 357 to a magnetic azimuth. CR 98 JORDINATE CON Grid: Add 60 The computation of the grid correction angle or angle of convergence will require special mathematical techniques depending on the type of projection of the curved earth's surface on to the flat grid. GM Angle= 7W 2. endstream endobj startxref The closer the point is to the grid central meridian and to the equator, the smaller the correction. endobj Grid convergence as calculated by the directional software package is the angular difference in degrees between True North and UTM Grid North. is the correct back azimuth. The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences is committed to making its websites accessible to all users, and welcomes comments or suggestions on access improvements. c. Field-Expedient Methods. 8 0 obj Figure 6-17. Magnetic Declination models are updated every year. Therefore, the back azimuth of 223 degrees, whatever it The name is derived from Old French or Spanish respectively: rumb or rumbo, a line on the chart which intersects all meridians at the same angle. Magnetic North - based on the earth's magnetic field, and is used to describe compass direction. Degree. The grad is divided into 100centesimal minutes (centigrads) and the minute into 100 centesimal seconds (milligrads). Required fields are marked *. (1) When working with a map having an east G-M angle: (a) To plot a magnetic azimuth on a map, first change it to a grid azimuth (Figure 6-10). 2282 0 obj <> endobj The direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument. What north and how? (c) Convert a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater than the magnetic azimuth (Figure 6-15). ''LN =j*'U80 Subtract the GM angle to convert a grid azimuth into a magnetic azimuth. e. Convert the grid azimuth to a back azimuth. (2) The user should re-read the azimuth between the azimuth and north-south grid line to check the initial azimuth. a. Figure 6-13. Figure 6-13. (3) Lay a straight edge on the map with one end at the users position (A) as a pivot point; then, rotate the straightedge until the unkown point is sighted along the edge. Direction plays an important role in a soldiers everyday life. When using the map and compass method (Figure 6-18). When an azimuth is plotted on a map between point A (starting point) and point B (ending point), the points are joined together by a straight line. Add the GM angle to convert a grid azimuth into a magnetic azimuth. <> The following elements must be present when using polar coordinates (Figure 6-21). <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> WebAzimuth is the angle in the horizontal plane between north and the drillholes direction (or bearing) at the survey station. endstream In Colorado, the central meridian is 105 degrees, 30 minutes West Longitude, as shown here, on the left you have station D266 and on the right, station Fink. The azimuth or bearing is a line you draw through the four cardinal directions. G-M angle. If you have a magnetic azimuth of 270 degrees, and the G-M angle is 8 degrees, your grid azimuth will be 262 degrees. b. (2) Locate and mark your position on the map. Azimuth in Surveying Figure 6-12. On the State Plane coordinate grid, north is always parallel with the central meridian, but at the points on the Earth, north is along the meridian that passes through them. The conversion (whether to add or subtract) depends on whether your map has an. ]od`l`hPh``` " K053NRhU@$4 ;3t0$202EV1/bera`9~H20D(Uf TO This courseware module is offered as part of the Repository of Open and Affordable Materials at Penn State. (f) The inclusion of the true-north prong in relationship to the conversion is of little importance. The angle can be clockwise or counter clockwise from True North to Grid North. _____ 4) What is the method of intersection when a compass is unavailable? Find a distant point that can be identified on the ground and on the map. Convergence is the difference between geodetic north and grid north. Underneath the compass is a small standard screw slot that an accompanying tool will adjust to whatever your declination is, East or West. However, the sum of the geodetic azimuths (in green) at station Fink and station D266 is not 360 degrees. The index mark is the center of the protractor circle from which all directions are measured. =0^6yQNSW$it!LI # L-(Inu6QwEh^F% (b) To use a magnetic azimuth in If you are surveying or doing something other than land nav for hunting, this may matter. In this post, were going to look at the how and why of converting grid (or map) azimuths/bearings to magnetic azimuths/bearings and vice versa. (4) Draw a line along the straightedge away from the known position on the ground toward your position. kq_! Put your finger on the azimuth line you start with and move it toward the _:-"U-?Y E_t=++k Ab = A - 180 = 223 - 180 = 43 degrees SOUTH IS 180. This needs to be taken into account when navigating with a map and compass. That's why I believe the adding and subtracting methods are the wrong solution that can be completely avoided. You must log in or register to reply here. c. Grid North. Find out how to get your bearings with this beginner-friendly tutorial and discover some of our favorite things nearby!. a. Draw an arrow for Grid North using an exaggerated angle east or west of True North showing the grid convergence angle (be sure of the sign convention of the grid convergence value used, for example does a west convergence angle put Grid North west of True North or visa versa?). 2296 0 obj <>stream These data are shown in the form of a grid-convergence note. You need to know that if your declination is East, it means that Magnetic North is East of your location. endobj On the left, at station D266, the convergence is minus 40.0 arcseconds. The grid north for a particular map is usually chosen so that it deviates very little from the true north]. &n7n_n mI6C. Modified resection is the method of locating ones position on the map when the person is located on a linear feature on the ground, such as a road, canal, or stream (Figure 6-20). %%EOF How do you convert Magnetic North to grid north? to arrive at the starting point. The back azimuth of 180 degrees may be stated as 0degrees or 360 degrees. Label the borehole azimuth with reference to each system. Since wells must be surveyed with sensors that reference direction to either Magnetic or True North, it will be necessary to convert between these references. Here in the East it is about 7degrees west declination. Figure 6-7. How to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, The how to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth is a question that may be asked in the context of travel. Suunto makes a good mirror compass that allows you to set it Silva makes one too, foresters use these types as it makes things a bit easier. { yBeDS#5HXM5B^*`Flm5^TQR!j.AzS!OZhkO\%[mk|lq#N. The instructor informed us that here in the US it really wasn't relevant. All of them divide the circle into units of angular measure, and each has a scale around the outer edge and an index mark. 10 0 obj <>stream xr0A{K;M64%X GqJ8u_~E ,E}\x6%aX@Bl8p This is a direct result of the geodetic north lines converging. b. For map based orienteering, where you can Terrain Assoicate, maybe it matters less. Draw an arrow pointing east (azimuth of 90) for an arbitrary borehole azimuth reference. The graphic below demonstrates for both East & West Declination. HMk@azp*@4X6{ WebAdd the GM angle to convert a magnetic azimuth into a grid azimuth. Author and/or Instructor: Jan Van Sickle, Senior Lecturer, John A. Dutton e-Education Institute, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University; V3 Consultants, Lakewood, CO. Convert quadrant/bearing readings, including declination and grid convergence, to a 0-360 degrees azimuth system. There is an angular difference between the grid north and the magnetic north. That explanation on drawing lines on the map is definitely very useful. Determine the grid coordinates to the desired accuracy. This is because 2 degrees and 362 degrees are located at the same point on the azimuth circle. Military personnel need a way of expressing direction that is accurate, is adaptable to any part of the world, and has a common unit of measure. Several field-expedient methods to determine direction are discussed in Chapter 9, paragraph 5. WebThe University of Akron : YOU BELONG HERE! How to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. When you say you aligned map and compass north. b. Ab = A + 180 Magnetic Azimuth. GN 4 3 1. endobj Converting to magnetic azimuth. Remember, there are no negative azimuths on the azimuth circle. b. Grid-Magnetic Angle. endstream endobj 1785 0 obj <>stream The declination diagram (Figure 6-8) shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among grid, magnetic, and true norths. This means that, at zero cost to you, I will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalize a purchase. Plotting an azimuth on the map. When converting azimuths into back azimuths, extreme care should be exercised when adding or subtracting the 180 degrees. relatively), but now the desire is to reverse the travel in order is, must be between zero and 360 degrees. (3) Note that the protractor is cut at both the top and bottom by the same north-south grid line. None of your azimuths need conversion until such time as you use a different compass one that cant be adjusted similarly. For greater accuracy, the desired method of resection would be to use three or more well-defined locations. PRECISION LIGHTWEIGHT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER, Map Reading and Land Navigation REFERENCES. %PDF-1.5 Draw a magnetic prong from the apex of the grid-north line in the desired direction (Figure 6-9). h[k0`+namhZ*Cbo?N6 ^cXODeQ GJp2iE"JO!/^UgCF97_X]!A(pOXZ,|J;cT-Ve;TOwgRC1x6o1ruqeS{AuG_zPK$H,oZ xsc.mUL.w$& Webc. or Now, if you want to convert a MAZ to GAZ using the example above (in that you have a MAZ of 180, simply add the 15 degrees declination to the 180, and you have a correct GAZ. (3) Lay a straightedge on the map using a known position as a pivot point. (2) Put your finger on the grid north line, now move it to the magnetic north line. 0 1790 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2B0C2CAC99B5C942A1B86AECE94C0B5C>]/Index[1778 23]/Info 1777 0 R/Length 68/Prev 337901/Root 1779 0 R/Size 1801/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 260 180= 80 Step 2. Converting azimuths with westerly G-M angle. There are 400grads in a circle (a 90-degree right angle equals 100 grads). (3) Measure the magnetic azimuth to one of the known positions from your location using a compass. (5) Repeat 3 and 4 using a second known position. GN 4 3 1. and G.O.M.A when applying the magnetic declination of the geographical area youre in. 4 0 obj (6) Move to a second known point and repeat steps 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The mil expresses the size of an angle formed when a circle is divided into 6,400 angles, with the vertex of the angles at the center of the circle. (3) The G-M angle diagram should be constructed and used each time the conversion of azimuth is required. b. What is the Grid Azimuth? Contact Us, Privacy & Legal Statements | Copyright Information In other d. Convert the magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth. Who's going to be the first hunting 'celebrity' or Youtube personality to put their foot down and stop using cellular cameras? WebPlease note that the sum of the grid azimuths (in red) at station Fink and station D266 is 360 degrees. This angle is the difference between the north and the magnetic 2 0 obj : The University of Akron, Ohio hbbd``b`@) Dl;@D#` n%"~1Ll %` ( A line from 0 to 180 degrees is called the base line of the protractor. The other choice, Ab = A + 180 = 223 + 180 = 403 degrees, To convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth, subtract the G-M angle from the grid azimuth. A relationship can be established between degrees and mils. This circle is divided into 360 degrees or 6400 mils . The simplest way available to man right now is to get a compass that has an declination adjustable feature, such as the Sunnto MC-3. Intersection, using a straightedge. No mathematical equation is necessary because the compass itself has the declination already accounted for by your adjustment. Using LARS, convert to a grid azimuth. (b) From the base of the grid-north line (prong), draw an arbitrary line (or any azimuth line) at a roughly right angle to north, regardless of the actual value of the azimuth in degrees (Figure 6-9). The G-M angle value is the angular size that exists between grid north and magnetic north. The user should be able to determine whether the initial azimuth reading was correct. Back Azimuth. Most of the declinations are listed on each USGS quad but from an accuracy issue they change so what year is your quad. endobj This is the grid direction line (azimuth). ^z].;@ The grid azimuth can now be converted into a magnetic azimuth because the grid azimuth is now larger than the G-M angle. A glance at the completed diagram shows whether the given azimuth or the desired azimuth is greater, and thus whether the known difference between the two must be added or subtracted. This value will be written in the map margin (in both degrees and mils) beside the diagram. Draw an arrow for Magnetic North using an exaggerated angle east or west of True North showing the declination angle (east declination is east of True North and west is west). They are certainly not parallel with one another and certainly not parallel with the central meridian. You can bypass all the calculations by purchasing a compass that allows you to set your declination. H1k0F{t'B8)-t*d_JS'>!'nh6z B)b|mxG>]LW]^~Hlqg}/JT~Cn~ v&-?OM. The difference between magnetic north and grid north is often referred to as grid magnetic angle and it not only varies from place to place, but changes with time. All lines of longitude are true north lines. How to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, The how to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth is a question that may be asked in the context of There are three base lines true north, magnetic north, and grid north. One does not typically work with directions exceeding 360 ^ni`H2pI35%S8lKXoboAJXT/k]3 @[J When magnetic results are recorded, the declination and the date must be included. Apply the mathematical formula to convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth. Converting to a magnetic azimuth on a map. What is sunshine DVD access code jenna jameson? I don't get why you need to substract your compass value It can be expressed as right, left, straight ahead, and so forth; but then the question arises, To the right of what? This chapter defines the word azimuth and the three different norths. 10 0 obj yg! $RC ku,B:d k5(*(ig0;5o!` QuM^4oG-9Q[bG}1g_iulBewm|J""F]||0 the reverse (or inverse) of the azimuth, 223 degrees. Therefore, Magnetic North. Declination angles or GM angles are the difference between these two alignments, so you add or subtract your angle as needed to get them to match up, so that you can plot a point on a map, and then shoot an azimuth to it with a compass. If you moved left you should add the angle between grid and magnetic; if you moved right, you should subtract. be Northeast relatively.) You Brilliant people, who have, Below, we explain the trend for those non-Spanish speaking/understanding viewers Thankfully, @babycakes607 explained the trend, In William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet the character Mercutio is prosaic about love and considers, Hostility to immigrants isnt new to the United States. With the rise of technology, true maps, compasses, and land nav will be a thing of the past. grid azimuth = geodetic azimuth xUMo1+1vmR6!j?__wrVxuzsei8Vmq.a+Qgl_9lz(A#l$ fQUzp6`Y+F,aeBBa[[c ^`;x1zKEyH9 NYtK,|m7-oF=HI)''UG~PycHNu-3r+|Q!vmR0T KiU)QHc|j'szMV+: s BH4/&`N3qgTR--H\Bg,R7d,B)th|1u"Uf0#bOzM&Z6fFmtQcX825Qb-Kyu ,F!bW\{JI6=aGc9MX'z_R0K}y%!> The most accurate method to determine local declination is to measure the magnetic field with a magnetic transit. 4. GN 4 3 1. WebTO CONVERT A MAGNETIC AZIMUTH TOA GRID AZIMUTH ADD G-M ANGLE 0-95 ro GIVE A STANDARD REFERENCE ON THIS SHEET TO NEAREST 100 METERS tifying a. c. To obtain an accurate reading with the protractor (to the nearest degree or 10 mils), there are two techniques to check that the base line of the protractor is parallel to a north-south grid line. True If a mistake is made and the reading is taken from the ending point, the grid azimuth will be opposite, thus causing the user to go in the wrong direction. There are others; I prefer the Map Tools Super GTA protractor. a. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 10 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> endobj endobj (2) Locate and mark your position on the map. Ab = A - 180 Empowering curious minds, one answer at a time. Declination diagram with arbitrary line. azimuth and 2) 180 degrees either added or subtracted will yield UTM Grid North is said to be "X" number of degrees either east or west of True North. d. Conversion. %PDF-1.5 % Magnetic declination correction converts azimuth values between the Magnetic North and True North systems. 360 o 120 o = 240 o. H[k0e0Zu(fW9QKq:.LJ)~OBhmUEz]@F|;xv?H'F07@F{d;F#: F8hMg$/[?Y% FC4s~ujTzF8[4ZOEOi[nkJ . Local values of magnetic declination should be stated in the well program to plus or minus 0.1O. The military protractor, GTA 5-2-12, contains two scales: one in degrees (inner scale) and one in mils (outer scale). 2287 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<01E97BD82B4A724EA381572D5ADBF101><24C8F5536AE732469D3285819F05CE2D>]/Index[2282 15]/Info 2281 0 R/Length 48/Prev 360229/Root 2283 0 R/Size 2297/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream on a hundredths grid 7 hundredths is 7; but seven tenths is 0.7 which is 70 hundredths. The angle of correction is the angle between the meridians of longitude and the Northings of the grid system at a specified point. stream E:ICHfO3di:z|sPKP#2~=u!3)_%BMk;"TVeWm9e4=5_5u=-8Cl6jY2*{d~[2fn3P7xkd. endstream endobj 1779 0 obj <>/Metadata 85 0 R/Pages 1776 0 R/StructTreeRoot 113 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1780 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 1776 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 1781 0 obj <>stream :Qa0I J4 You see over here on the right at station Fink, the convergence is plus 17.2 arcseconds. A back azimuth is the opposite direction of an azimuth. (2) When working with a map having a west G-M angle: (a) To plot a magnetic azimuth on a map, first convert it to a grid azimuth (Figure 6-13). The most common unit of measure is the degree () with its subdivisions of minutes () and seconds (). Given this knowledge and the variable definitions Ab = Back Pakistan ka ow konsa shehar ha jisy likhte howy pen ki nuk ni uthati? All the convergence angles east of the Central Meridian are positive. If you're using a regular map with a declination diagram this will always work. a. As the request is for the back azimuth, then what is wanted is In the jpg below, you can see the declination window at 6 oclock on the compass, or specifically, at Zero degrees. Once accurate magnetic declination and grid convergence angles are acquired, all that is needed to change reference systems is to add or subtract these angles from one another. hhKY__SJj oRdBe When Magnetic North lies to the west of True North, the magnetic declination is said to be westerly, and if to the east, easterly. A,wA;n@u"AVlwE;R;#\ci=p~58sq+%kc one that is between zero and 360 degrees. (6) The intersection of the lines on the map is your location. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? When I was taking a land nav course in the Army I was told this would vary depending on what part of the world you were in. Thus to convert from a magnetic bearing to a Grid North reference you would subtract 8 23. Magnetic Azimuth = 90 degrees True Azimuth = Magnetic Azimuth + Declination True Azimuth = 90 + (-15) = 75 degrees Figure 6 Example 2 Grid Convergence Grid convergence is an angle between True North and Grid North. *r\6}ZM{ru s/])7ZiV?.kBh%2`43`1(C`BE&q]I~u_ NB^'zNyv Luckily, with the use of Grid Correction Angle. The directional software packages will at minimum handle UTM and Lambert conformal conic convergence. H=k0w14}slPZHZ:u_-XC]}>2FD8\70}@YC"/QRpP>eEF^fxFh In this example, the known azimuth is 270 magnetic. Web1995 G-M ANGLE MILS) 5040 TO CONVERT A MAGNETIC AZIMUTH TOA GRID AZIMUTH ADD G-M ANGLE 0-95 ro GIVE A STANDARD REFERENCE ON THIS SHEET TO NEAREST 100 METERS tifying 100,000 meter point lies: ICAL grid line to LEFT LARGE figures labeling e top or bottom margin. On the Earth they are not parallel with each other. The magnetic azimuth is determined by using magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses. dy|zn/_|\`dA/xo_vMS@"/9F}6DQ%u>.]l.ny,Vx~#oWCO1[KAVG9m4DyM*7vp`x~\^ ]S,6 (c) Convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth when the G-M angle is greater than a grid azimuth (Figure 6-12). Ok, but your longitude lines on your map dont follow magnetic north/south, depending on your location. The azimuth is the most common military method to express direction. Web(a) To plot a magnetic azimuth on a map, first convert it to a grid azimuth (Figure 6-13). _k6 u7PO3+i_yF(igS|pVGXW~o6zom6 8bl_FP)T iN5;SIlw-KKwj{kLx!:E"Ux++syH9Fj- 5V -PY.f;!eOa$*^ TRdNb8ds)Rjn9TKT{y&wN4# g WebIn this example, the known azimuth is 270 magnetic. Grid North - based on a specific coordinate system and is used to define the relative direction of a line. (6) The intersection of the lines on the map is the location of the unknown point (C). b. Remember, when taking a reading of a mountain then transfering it to your map, you must do the opposite of what you did when you took a reading from your map. Your current quad will be drastically differant from your 1950s quad. The answer is that you can use a compass or an app like Google Maps on your phone to find out the grid azimuth. 3 0 obj<>>>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]>> The terminal coordinates program may be used to find the coordinates on the Earth at some distance, given an azimuth and the starting coordinates.. The rules for converting azimuth angle to true azimuth are summarised in the following table: Examples: If latitude is 55 o N, LHA is 145 o and azimuth angle is 120 o then true azimuth is 360 o Z i.e. WebStep 1. GM Angle= 7W 2. WebThe GM angle is used to convert magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth and vice versa: Grid azimuth - determined with a protractor and is measured from grid north. 4 0 obj <>stream Neither points straight at the North Polethat is called true north. However, it is not necessary to know where true north is to avoid getting lost in a combat area. %PDF-1.4 You will find that every zone in a State Plane coordinate system has a central meridian. c. Determine the magnetic azimuth from your location to the distant known point. Figure 6-14. A circle equals 6400 mils divided by 360 degrees, or 17.78 mils per degree. Directions are expressed as units of angular measure. a. a. It may not display this or other websites correctly. If your west of the agonic linean imaginary line that runs vertically, west of the Great Lakes and west of Florida (Google agonic line for more detail).you can use the acronym M.U.G.S. <> (2) Without Notes. WebIn this example, the known azimuth is 270 magnetic. You are using an out of date browser. This sign convention is not necessarily the same for all contractors and should be clearly communicated and understood before drilling begins. Tipsy Tuesday: Cold Bow Challenge, Gear Reviews, And The Latest Hunting News! How Many Morphemes Are In The Word Telegram, How Have Attitudes Towards Immigrants Changed Over Time. Theyre not essential for shooting an azimuth or bearing (from hear on out referred to as either a Grid Azimuth (GAZ) or Magnetic Azimuth (MAZ)), but they are very, very useful is plotting (determining) positions on a map to within various levels of accuracy (read distance from the actual object being plotted). If you plot your grid azimuth on a map and it reads (for example), 180 degrees (GAZ), and you know your local declination is 15 degrees East, and you wish to convert your GAZ to a MAZ, simply subtract the Declination of 15 degrees and youll have a 165 MAZ, or magnetic azimuth that you can use with your compass. There is true north (the northern axis around which the earth rotates), magnetic north (the direction compasses point, which changes slightly every year) and grid north (the somewhat arbitrary point where all of your grid lines would converge if your map could extend all the way to the North Pole. WebTo convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, add the value of the G-M angle to the magnetic azimuth. Flying a plane for instance. In the last post onMagnetic Declination, the impact it has on azimuth/bearing accuracy was described. 1778 0 obj <> endobj endstream endobj 1782 0 obj <>stream Using LARS, convert to a grid azimuth. To convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth, add the G-M angle. endstream \ P]0oY_&@*rX +Fd$Jc&ym?krede QqMwz%l(Yy 3i%[\ V. Thus we ADD the variation (12 degrees) to give the Grid Bearing [A rhumb line appears as a straight line on a Mercator projection map. Figure 4. <> Depending on what your doing it can matter a lot. (b) To use a magnetic azimuth in the field with a compass, first change the grid azimuth plotted on a map to a magnetic azimuth (Figure 6-11). <> Being in the right place at the prescribed time is necessary to successfully accomplish military missions. correct back azimuth. Theyre ok to use; theyre typically in 1:24,000 scale, and you need to ensure your map tools correspond in scale.

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