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Greg Abbott participated in a Fox News program Friday. Correction, Dec. 18, 2021 at 4:50 p.m.: A distance calculator will help you find out how far it is between any two places, whether within the United States or around the globe. distance formula. to travel to your destination. [18] Although construction started in 2016, the project is not expected to be complete until 2022. The RussiaUnited States maritime boundary was defined by an agreement made by the United States and the USSR in 1990 covering the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Arctic Ocean. Maritime boundaries. The border fence begins in Texas, but it's miles inland from the border's edge at the Gulf of Mexico. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In 2015, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) published the plans for the all new Loop335 section that will encircle the city of Amarillo. San Jacinto County Sheriff Greg Capers told reporters Saturday that the search area for 38-year-old Francisco Oropeza could now be as . Rio Grande, Spanish Ro Grande del Norte, or (in Mexico) Ro Bravo, or Ro Bravo del Norte, fifth longest river of North America, and the 20th longest in the world, forming the border between the U.S. state of Texas and Mexico. It will also display local time in each of the locations. The Interstate passes by Cadillac Ranch before the Hope Road interchange and enters the city limits of Amarillo just west of State Highway Loop335 (Loop335). Then, the program manager can execute the construction plan, confirm budgets, and schedule the work crews. Not only below Fort Quitman but also in many stretches of the river from the New MexicoColorado border to below Brownsville, Texas, there has been no surface flow at various times. With the $1.05 billion the state has for construction most of it taxpayer money, but it includes $54 million in private donations, as of Dec. 13 Texas could build just over 52 miles of border barrier at that price per mile. I-40 has a mostly rural route before becoming more suburban in Bushland, with housing developments becoming visible from the highway. It is approximately 1.7 miles long and built on State-owned land managed by the General Land Office (GLO). The highway runs primarily through rural farmland after leaving the city and enters the town of Groom, passing near a 19-story cross and a leaning water tower. Your Ultimate Relocation Guide. Posillico Civil, Inc. provided logistical support transporting the panels from California to Texas for approximately $2 million for the 246 truckloads of panels. Greg Abbott watched a crane lifting a section of the border wall in place near the Rio Grande after he unveiled the new wall during a press conference last week. Unlike the border in California, Arizona or New Mexico, which is largely federal or in some cases tribal land, much of the Texas-Mexico border is privately owned, with some owners holding the titles to their property since the 1760s. The area consists primarily of forested land with rolling hills and grassy plains. The westernmost part of I-40 in Texas, near the New Mexico border, lacks the frontage roads typical to Texas freeways, and eight driveways for ranches directly intersect the main lanes of I-40, in violation of Interstate standards. TFC must meet all transparent procurement procedures, respect every landowners right, and seek formal and legal approval for securing right-of-way easements. British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) (M), Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed with Colombia, Jamaica, & Nicaragua), Machias Seal Island and North Rock (disputed with Canada), Serranilla Bank (disputed with Colombia, Honduras, & Jamaica). The drive to the Mexican border at Brownsville from Austin takes around five and a half hours. TFC remains resolute in the security mission of this program led by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS). During the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, Route 66 was used by thousands of . Gibraltar Fabrication, LLC opted to repurchase the panels from the federal government. The Texas Facilities Commission completed the evaluation phase for the Program Manager for the Border Wall. WATCH: DPS Lt. Olivarez Discusses SCOTUS Decision To Leave Title 42 In Place. Greg Abbott, participate in a press conference to inaugurate the construction of a state-funded border wall in Rio Grande City on Saturday. You can also check how far your city is from all of the surrounding states. The entirety of I-40 in Texas is located in the panhandle. The Gulf Coastal Plains of Texas are a flat, humid region located along its coastline in the eastern part of the state. Near downtown, the highway serves as the northern terminus for I-27 at a turbine interchange and begins an overlap with US287. Rio Grande, Spanish Ro Grande del Norte, or (in Mexico) Ro Bravo, or Ro Bravo del Norte, fifth longest river of North America, and the 20th longest in the world, forming the border between the U.S. state of Texas and Mexico. Procurement (texas.gov) In the upper reaches of the Rio Grande it usually is in May or June because of melting snow and occasional thunderstorms, whereas the lower portion commonly experiences its highest water levels in June or September because of the occurrence of summer thunderstorms. The principal tributaries of the Rio Grande are the Pecos, Devils, Chama, and Puerco rivers in the United States and the Conchos, Salado, and San Juan in Mexico. The second interchange with I-40, however, will be a full stack interchange. The State of Texas is divided into 254 counties. Texas Facilities Commission Executive Director Mike Novak reported on Friday, January 28, 2022 Posillico's progress for Project One's initial 1.7 mile Border Wall in Starr County is at 4,087 linear feet, approximately .77 miles. Abbott announced in June that the state would build a wall along the Texas-Mexico border using state money and crowdfunded private donations. Situated in the southeastern part of the state is Houston the largest and the most populous city in Texas. Boundaries. Construction crews on site said about 880 feet of barrier have been installed as of Saturday afternoon. This gives you Driving time: 5 hours, 21 minutes. From location or choose: To location Shortly before entering the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Rio Grande cuts three canyons between 1,500 and 1,700 feet (460 and 520 metres) in depth across the faulted area occupied by the big bend, where the Texas side of the river comprises the Big Bend National Park. Political boundaries between the United States and neighboring territories. June 16, 2021 - Governor Abbott Announces Border Wall Construction Strategy - Omissions? Plano is approximately a 1.15 hour drive north to the Oklahoma border and approximately 49 minutes to near by Fort Worth, Texas. [16][17] A new mainlane bridge that will accommodate up to six lanes is also in the works for I-40 near Helium Road, providing easier access to the new freeway. ("as the crow flies") and the driving distance if the route is drivable. Charles Tiefer, a professor of government contracting law at the University of Baltimore, said theres a lot of opposition to a border wall from environmentalists and immigrant rights groups, so Texas may be withholding details about its wall project to avoid bad publicity and lawsuits. By comparison, border wall construction under the Trump administration ranged from $6 million to $34 million per mile, according to a Texas Tribune analysis. The boundary line generally follows the 1867 Alaska Cession line, but the agreement has not entered into force. The Texas Facilities Commissioners (TFC) on Thursday, November 18, 2021, voted to approve a Design-Build Contract NOT-TO-EXCEED $162M to Posillico Civil, Inc. for a segment of the Texas Border Infrastructure on State-Owned Land (General Land Office) along the Texas-Mexico Border. TFC has identified a top-ranked respondent from the interviews for RFQ 303-2-00365 for the Design-Build Contractors for the Texas Border Infrastructure project. The project is still undergoing the installation of gates and other ongoing work as part of the full completion of this project. distances quickly to estimate the number of frequent flyer The calculation is done using the Vincenty to solve your homework problems. TFC continues to accomplish our mission directed by Governor Greg Abbott to construct the Border Wall. Below Fort Quitman the Rio Grande is renewed by the Conchos and other Mexican rivers. The Russia-United States maritime boundary was defined by an agreement made by the United States and the USSR in 1990 covering the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Arctic Ocean. From left to right, Texas Department of Public Safety Director Steve McGraw, Texas Land Commissioner George P. Bush and Gov. The Biden administration currently enforces two strict Trump-era immigration policies. TFC will now issue a notice to proceed (NTP) on this contract, with the potential mobilization and erection of wall panels before year-end. Insular areas in the Pacific and the U.S. Virgin Islands are in a separate customs territory from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Considerable amounts of hydroelectricity are produced within the basin. Sign up for The Brief, our daily newsletter that keeps readers up to speed on the most essential Texas news. To facilitate a cost-effective construction approach, a minimum of two plus miles of easements must be lined up that meet pre-approved security requirements. A number in parentheses indicates the number of unique sovereign states that the country or territory shares as neighbors. The hot summers are tempered by mild winters making it an excellent place for outdoor recreation year-round. Its early course follows a canyon through forests of spruce, fir, and aspen into the broad San Luis Valley in Colorado, after which it cuts the Rio Grande Gorge and White Rock Canyon of northern New Mexico and enters the open terrain of the Basin and Range and Mexican Plateau physiographic provinces. On a Fox Business Network program Friday, immigrant and civil rights groups called on the Department of Justice. The entire route was paved by 1938. TxDOT recognizes the importance of the relationship between both neighbors and, since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994, is continuously seeking ways to improve the safe crossing of people and goods. The drive time to Dallas varies based on traffic which can be heavy on the Dallas North Tollroad and on the I-75, but in no traffic can be traveled in 25-30 minutes. Perhaps it goes without saying but producing quality journalism isn't cheap. Encounters are defined as the number of times a migrant has been stopped by immigration agents. ), July 15, 2021 - To learn more about the State procurement process visit: https://comptroller.texas.gov/purchasing/docs/96-1809.pdf, July 22, 2021 - Estimated Procurement Time for Border Wall Program Manager Firm RFP. Located in the south-central part of the state, at the bottom of the Balcones Escarpment on the Colorado River is Austin the capital city of Texas. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. As a nonprofit newsroom, we rely on members to help keep our stories free and our events open to the public. The commission has not said when it plans to award additional contracts to build other parts of the wall or how much the contracts will be worth. The Distance Calculator can find distance between any two cities or locations available in The World Clock The distance is calculated in kilometers, miles and nautical miles, and the initial compass bearing/heading from the origin to the destination. Development along the route begins to lessen after South Eastern Street as the highway passes near Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport. This project will focus on various locations in Texas in proximity to the United States-Mexico border. It serves as the cultural, administrative, and economic center of the state. The deadline for submitting the RFP for the "Program Manager" firm to lead the Border Wall construction closed today at 3:00 p.m. CST. Abbott has ramped up immigration enforcement in recent months, flooding the border with state troopers and National Guard personnel instructed to arrest migrants on state criminal charges. Click the 'Get Directions' link for turn-by-turn driving directions. It is an old fault line that has caused significant geological changes in this area over time. TFC anticipates awarding to multiple qualified D-B contractors in Step 1 of this procurement. The total length of the river is about 1,900 miles (3,060 km). Before the U.S. Highway system, this system of interconnected highway from New Mexico to Oklahoma was part of the Texas highway system and a portion of the Ozark Trails which closely paralleled the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway. Today we'll examine the state symbols, geography, and history of this massive place. Enter the "Distance To" city, village, town, airport or place name from Mexico in the second text box. In some places the depth of the river has varied from nearly 60 feet (18 metres) to a bare trickle or nothing. TFC determined that the prefabricated panels comply with Tactical Infrastructure Design Standards and negotiated the inclusion of the storage and delivery of the materials. In 1985, the entire designation of US66 was removed as the entire route had been displaced by I-40. In alphabetical order, these counties are: Anderson, Andrews, Angelina, Aransas, Archer, Armstrong, Atascosa, Austin, Bailey, Bandera, Bastrop, Baylor, Bee, Bell, Bexar, Blanco, Borden, Bosque, Bowie, Brazoria, Brazos, Brewster, Briscoe, Brooks, Brown, Burleson, Burnet, Caldwell, Calhoun, Callahan, Cameron, Camp, Carson, Cass, Castro, Chambers, Cherokee, Childress, Clay, Cochran, Coke, Coleman, Collin, Collingsworth, Colorado, Comal, Comanche, Concho, Cooke, Coryell, Cottle, Crane, Crockett, Crosby, Culberson, Dallam, Dallas, Dawson, De Witt, Deaf Smith, Delta, Denton, Dickens, Dimmit, Donley, Duval, Eastland, Ector, Edwards, El Paso, Ellis, Erath, Falls, Fannin, Fayette, Fisher, Floyd, Foard, Fort Bend, Franklin, Freestone, Frio, Gaines, Galveston, Garza, Gillespie, Glasscock, Goliad, Gonzales, Gray, Grayson, Gregg, Grimes, Guadalupe, Hale, Hall, Hamilton, Hansford, Hardeman, Hardin, Harris, Harrison, Hartley, Haskell, Hays, Hemphill, Henderson, Hidalgo, Hill, Hockley, Hood, Hopkins, Houston, Howard, Hudspeth, Hunt, Hutchinson, Irion, Jack, Jackson, Jasper, Jeff Davis, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Johnson, Jones, Karnes, Kaufman, Kendall, Kenedy, Kent, Kerr, Kimble, King, Kinney, Kleberg, Knox, La Salle, Lamar, Lamb, Lampasas, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Lipscomb, Live Oak, Llano, Loving, Lubbock, Lynn, Madison, Marion, Martin, Mason, Matagorda, Maverick, McCulloch, McLennan, McMullen, Medina, Menard, Midland, Milam, Mills, Mitchell, Montague, Montgomery, Moore, Morris, Motley, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Nolan, Nueces, Ochiltree, Oldham, Orange, Palo Pinto, Panola, Parker, Parmer, Pecos, Polk, Potter, Presidio, Rains, Randall, Reagan, Real, Red River, Reeves, Refugio, Roberts, Robertson, Rockwall, Runnels, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patricio, San Saba, Schleicher, Scurry, Shackelford, Shelby, Sherman, Smith, Somervell, Starr, Stephens, Sterling, Stonewall, Sutton, Swisher, Tarrant, Taylor, Terrell, Terry, Throckmorton, Titus, Tom Green, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur, Upton, Uvalde, Val Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, Waller, Ward, Washington, Webb, Wharton, Wheeler, Wichita, Wilbarger, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Winkler, Wise, Wood, Yoakum, Young, Zapata, and Zavala. This method is critical for TFC to build cost-effectively within the budget earmarked for the project. OK is one of the most geographically diverse states. Bush, who is currently running for Texas Attorney General, said this stretch of wall was being constructed on state-owned land that has been leased out to a local farmer. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. August 23, 2022 Texas Facilities Commission (TFC) Executive Director Mike Novak reported Thursday, August 18, 2022, in the monthly Commission Meeting that the agency is continuing down the critical fourteen-step Easement Process in securing alignment for the construction of the Texas Border Infrastructure project. At a time when newsroom resources and revenue across the country are declining, The Texas Tribune remains committed to sustaining our mission: creating a more engaged and informed Texas with every story we cover, every event we convene and every newsletter we send. Your results will include a straight line distance and a driving distance (if applicable). Your trip begins in Monterrey, Mexico. Im unsure there are valid justifications for not releasing information, Amey said. Back in 2017, The Texarkana Gazette reported on the roadside marker, explaining that it indicates the exact point . February 16, 2022 - Progress Report: Texas Facilities Commission (TFC) Executive Director Mike Novak reported that as of Monday, February 14, 2022, 5,708 linear feet, just over one mile of the border wall, has been completed on the first 1.7-mile section of this portion of the Task Order. Irrigation has been practiced in the Rio Grande basin since prehistoric times, notably among the ancestors of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. Browse projects in your area and find opportunities to get involved. Title 42, a pandemic health order, was issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last year to rapidly expel migrants to their home countries without the opportunity to ask for asylum. You can also enter airport name or code from Mexico in above fields. Uvalde, Texas, is a small city not far from the U.S. southern border. based on actual road trip directions, or the straight line flight It does this by computing the straight line flying distance This number includes two dams, one hand-drawn ferry, and 25 other crossings that allow commercial, vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Perhaps it goes without saying but producing quality journalism isn't cheap. There are four primary mountain ranges here: Texas Facility Commission's Federal Surplus Program acquired prefabricated Federal border panels through the General Service Administration (GSA) in late November 2021. Were going to spend as much as it takes to build as much wall as we possibly can, Abbott said at his Saturday press conference in Starr County. It ends in Border Colonia, Texas. Arkansas is also bordered on the east by Missouri and the south by Texas, but parts of the state are also north of Missouri, east of Mississippi, north of Oklahoma and west of Texas. The Balcones Fault zone is located in the central region of Texas and runs along the I-35 corridor between Austin and San Antonio. While the United States has relatively complicated maritime boundaries, it shares international land borders with only two nations: Out in the ocean, the US borders are more complex. The Interstate gains frontage roads between exits15 and 18 and turns from a northeast direction into a straight east direction. With an area of 696,200 sq.km, Texas is the 2nd largest state in the USA both by population and land area. TFC's Program Manager Michael Baker Huitt-Zollars Joint Venture is currently working on other Task Orders for additional segments of the wall that TFC may assign to the other short-listed Respondents early next year. or expand your search to get the world distance for international The Great Plains region of Texas is a vast area that covers much of the north and central parts of the state. Travelmath helps you find distances Texas Gov. July 13, 2022 Texas Facilities Commission (TFC) Executive Director, Mike Novak, testified Tuesday, July 12, 2022, before the Senate Finance Committee. These labor violations can have far-reaching consequences for the victim, from lost wages to missed opportunities for advancement. Check out the Plano Texas map for some great ideas and landmarks. Nonstop drive: 305 miles or 491 km. Abbott has made immigration enforcement one of his top agenda items as he seeks reelection next year. Abbotts likely Democratic challenger, Beto ORourke, dismissed the governors Saturday announcement. East of Groom, I-40 has an overlap with State Highway70 (SH70) between exits121 and 124. The panels are secured temporarily in Maverick County, Texas, for logistical efficiency and are under the control of the Texas National Guard and for use in the near term. The climate varies between hot summers and mild winters, with temperature ranges typically being hotter than average during the summer months. Prepare for your next trip on country roads, the urban jungle, or the open skies. The border crossings are vital to the economies of Texas and Mexico, and have contributed to Mexico's status as Texas' #1 trading partner. However, TFC stands ready to provide professional and technical services in selecting and contracting a Program Manager Firm to construct the Texas border wall. Author of. Texas borders Oklahoma to the north, Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, New Mexico to the west, and Mexico directly south. The border crossings are vital to the economies of Texas and Mexico, and have contributed to Mexicos status as Texas #1 trading partner. (AP Photo/Eric Gay) Find your flight [19], Route map: .mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}. The United States Armed Forces and state and local police may also become involved in border enforcement in certain circumstances. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Increases in population and in the use of water made necessary the water treaties (190507 and 194445) between the United States and Mexico, as well as the Rio Grande Compact (1939) among Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, concerning shared use of the waters of the upper Rio Grande subbasin (above the site of former Fort Quitman, Texas), and the Pecos River Compact (1948) between New Mexico and Texas, concerning the Pecos above Girvin, Texas. Dec. 18, 2021 The distance app helps you find out how far is the nearest state line, or the border of your home state to neighboring states. With the limited access of the Interstates, towns on the highway had to be bypassed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Abbott unveiled the first 900 feet of border barrier Saturday. Learn how to get started and find your next business opportunity. If the smaller meanderings of the rivers and the tidewater coast line were followed, the boundary was 4,137 miles long and enclosed 263,644 square miles of . US287 leaves I-40 at exit78 as the Interstate leaves the city limits of Amarillo. There, declining elevation, decreasing latitude, and increasing aridity and temperature produce a transition from a cold steppe climate with a vegetation of pion pine, juniper, and sagebrush to a hot steppe and desert climate characterized by mesquite, creosote bush, cactus, yucca, and other desert plants. https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-announces-border-wall-construction-strategy, https://www.tfc.texas.gov/divisions/commissionadmin/prog/internal-procurement-1/index.html#forecast, https://comptroller.texas.gov/purchasing/docs/96-1809.pdf, Estimated Procurement Time for Border Wall Program Manager Firm RFP, http://www.txsmartbuy.com/esbddetails/view/303-2-00365, The list of respondents is attached (PDF), Governor Abbott Debuts Texas Border Wall in Rio Grande City. As of Monday, February 7, 2022, we have the panels in our possession for use in the near term. Discover key information that TxDOT collects on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc. It has been estimated that the Rio Grande has an average annual yield of some 2.6 million acre-feet (3.2 billion cubic metres), of which about a third reached the gulf before the building of the Falcon Dam, upstream from Rio Grande City, in 1953; the rivers average discharge rate is now about 3,000 cubic feet (85 cubic metres) per second. The drive from Austin to this location is almost 4 hours, and 236 miles. drive or fly. Your flight direction from Monterrey, Mexico to Border Colonia, TX is East (73 degrees from North). Roughly 1,000 miles have no barrier. The federal government then offered to sell the surplus stock of prefabricated border wall panels to the manufacturers. - Texas Facilities Commission Executive Director Mike Novak reported that as of Friday, February 11, 2022, Posillico's progress for Task Order One's initial 1.7-mile Border Wall in Starr County is at approximately 5,304 linear feet, about 1 mile. This article is about the section of Interstate 40 in Texas. I-40 in Texas is one of a few Interstate Highways with at-grade intersections. The state manages 497,075 acres of land within 25 miles of the border, said Matt Atwood, a spokesperson for Texas Land Commissioner George P. Bush, who has sued the Biden administration for halting construction of the border wall in South Texas. Copyright 2023 Plano Moms, LLC, 6009 W Parker Rd Ste 149-177, Plano, TX 75093 info@planomoms.com | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy, 2023 Guide to 95+ Best Private Schools near me: Plano area, Moving to Plano? The Texas Facilities Commission is working with the Texas Department of Public Safety on new alignments for Wall Construction along the border. The commission also approved an award of a design-build contract to BFBC of Texas, LLC in an amount not to exceed $140,000,000.00 for the Border Infrastructure Project in various locations in proximity to the Texas section of the US-Mexico border. This wall section is part of the project's initial 1.7-mile section of the border wall. January 4, 2023 Today, the commission approved a design-build contract to Fisher Sand and Gravel in an amount not to exceed $224,000,000 for the Texas Border Infrastructure Project in various locations in proximity to the US Mexico border. Stay up to date with the latest news and learn more about who we are. For more project details, pre-bid conferences, and deadlines, visit this Request for Qualification (RFQ) on the Electronic State Business Daily located on the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts web page: http://www.txsmartbuy.com/esbddetails/view/303-2-00365 This website will have the most current information during the solicitation. Abbotts office directed questions to the Texas Facilities Commission, the state agency overseeing the border wall project. straight line distance to determine whether it's better to Plano Moms is the one-stop go to resource for Moms who live, work and play or are planning to move to Plano, TX and surrounding cities. I-40-A), which serves the town of Glenrio. The governors office appropriated $250 million of state money as a down payment for the wall-building effort, and lawmakers appropriated an additional $750 million for border barriers during one of the legislative sessions this year. Excluding areas irrigated above the reservoirs, the river provides water for some 2,100,000 acres (850,000 hectares) of cropland; slightly more than half of the irrigated land is in Mexico. Precipitation levels in this region are higher than in other parts of Texas due to its location along a rain shadow belt from storms originating from the Gulf of Mexico. Enough of open borders, enough of disorderly chaos If the Washington, D.C. establishment doesn't do their job, Texas will.. Texas has set aside $1.05 billion for border barriers but hasnt revealed where it plans to build them, how much each mile will cost or how its addressing the challenge of acquiring enough private land to fulfill Abbotts promise. The above blank map represents the State of Texas, located in the southern Gulf-coast region of the United States. The nearest major airports are. Urban communities include Monterrey, Jurez, Chihuahua, Saltillo, Matamoros, Guadalupe, Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, and San Nicols de los Garzas in Mexico; Albuquerque and Las Cruces in New Mexico; and El Paso, Laredo, and Brownsville in Texas.

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